Hiring Manager Essay Example for Free

Hiring Manager Essay I have recently found through your online advertisement that your company is in need of an administrative support specialist to fill the position of clerical support staff. I am confident that upon your review of my credentials you will find that I am a perfect match for the job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have five (5) years of extensive experience in administrative posts in a variety of professional environments. I have working knowledge of all general office procedures. I am fluent in many languages and exceptionally competent in office related computer software.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Details of my qualifications can be found on the attached resume. Professional and personal references are available upon request. I hope to hear from you soon. Thank you.

Discussion in terms of Fayol’s Managerial Functions Essay -- Business

Discussion in terms of Fayol’s Managerial Functions Henri Fayol proposed that all managers perform five management functions. 1- Planning, 2- Organizing, 3- Commanding, 4- Coordinating, 5- Controlling. Most management books still continue to be organized around the management functions, Although they have been condensed down to basic and very important functions. 1- Planning The planning functions involves the process of defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving these goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Our instructor also defines or goals which is standard education and successfulness in the exams, according to this concern he establish the ways and strategies that how can we perform well in our exams. 2- Organizing Managers are also responsible for arranging work to accomplish the organization’s goals. This function is called Organizing. It involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whome, and where decisions are to be made. 3- Leading When managers motivate subordinates, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the most effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues, the are leading.. Our instructor leading us by motivating through his moral support, he use best channels to teach us, he polish our attitude by using his good behavioral skills. 4- Controlling Management function that involves monitoring actual performance, comparing actual to standard, and taking action, if necessary. Our instructor controlling his class by monitoring the students, he maintain discipline, even threats students if necessary. Discussion in terms of Mintizberg’s Managerial roles Henry Mintzberg, a prominent management researcher says that what managers do can best be described by looking at the roles the play at works. Mintzberg Developed a categorization scheme for defining what managers do. He concluded that managers perform ten (10) different but highly interrelated roles. The managerial Roles. 1- Interpersonal 1- Figurehead 2- Leader 3- Liaison Provide information 2- Informational 1. Monitor 2. Disseminator 3. spokesperson Process information 3- Decisional 1. Entrepreneur 2. Disturbance handler 3. Resource... ... they seldom actually say it, and they never write it down. And the main employment of numbties world-wide is in creating project specifications. You must know this - and protect your team accordingly. 9. Becoming a Great Manager. The first steps to becoming a really great manager are simply common sense; but common sense is not very common. This article suggests some common-sense ideas on the subject of great management. Skills changes according to Management Level The extent to which managers perform the functions of management - planning, organizing, directing, and controlling - varies by level in the management hierarchy. A manager is someone skilled in knowing how to analyze and improve the ability of an organization to survive and grow in a complex and changing world. This means that managers have a set of tools that enable them to grasp the complexity of the organization's environment. 1- Most of the first line manager’s time is allocated to the functions of directing and controlling. 2- Middle management implements top management goals 3- In contrast, top managers spend most of their time on the functions of planning and organizing.

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Queen Elizabeth of England was known as one of the most successful rulers of her time for a number of different reasons. She did many things right, but the most prevailing aspect of her reign was her foreign policy. She was something of a revolutionary leader during that time in a number of different ways. While other leaders were busy fighting big wars to protect themselves from danger, Queen Elizabeth found a way to keep her enemies at bay by pacifying them. She used power and influence to balance between the countries and the powers that would have otherwise been a problem during that time. Though the premise of her policy was to help England, it actually helped much of Europe as a result. For example, European powers like France and Germany were able to build their military power and their financial backing while not having to defend against a large armed force in England. Without having to look too far, one can find some of Elizabeth’s policies being utilized in the world today. In some ways, they are being used in many of the same ways that Elizabeth used her policies back in England. There are some very good examples, including the situation that is currently happening in Ukraine. Ukraine is a country that was involved with the Soviet Union for a long time, so they have struggled in the period shortly following that. The adjustment has been difficult, because the country still holds onto its Russian roots, but it is being pulled towards the Western world. Being in such proximity to both Russia and Europe, Ukraine has to fact tough questions about the direction of their country. China is a country that is always in balance between various powers, as well. On one side of them, there is Japan, who holds much of the world’s power in the financial district. One the other hand, they have to balance between the socialist nations that surround them in the South Pacific. In order to make sure that they keep a good reputation around the world, China has had to keep pacify the Western world. They are a large producer of goods, so in order to stay viable, they have to keep the important trade relationships that have been developed up to this point. On the other hand, the socialist nature of their government makes it difficult for them to relate with countries like the United States and many of the nations in Europe. In the sixteenth century, England found itself in an interesting position. In many ways, the world was changing during that time. Today, it is still a changing world, so countries still have to account for these changes. Instead of having to simply care for today, countries like China and Ukraine have to take into account what might happen tomorrow. This is why it is difficult for these countries to have an economic and military strategy that pleases everyone. Queen Elizabeth was able to balance the interests of her country and many different countries, so that they could become a power in the changing world. If England did not have such a balanced policy, then there is no way they could have charged into the new age in such that they would maintain their power into this current time.

The Holy Night A Christmas Story by Selma Lagerlöf

As part of her collection Christ Legends Selma Lagerlà ¶f wrote the story The Holy Night,   a Christmas-themed tale first published in sometime in the early 1900s but before her death in 1940. It tells the story of the author at five years old who experienced a great sadness when her grandmother passed which made her recall a story the old woman used to tell about the Holy Night. The story the grandmother tells is about a poor man who wanders around the village asking people for a single live coal to light his own fire, but keeps getting met with rejection until he runs into a shepherd who finds compassion in his heart to help, especially after seeing the state of the mans home and wife and child. Read the full story below for a quality Christmas tale about how compassion can lead people to see miracles, especially around that special time of year. The Holy Night Text When I was five years old I had such a great sorrow! I hardly know if I have had a greater since then. It was then that my grandmother died. Up to that time, she used to sit every day on the corner sofa in her room, and tell stories. I remember grandmother told story after story from morning till night, and we children sat beside her, quite still, and listened. It was a glorious life! No other children had such happy times as we did. It isnt much that I recollect about my grandmother. I remember that she had very beautiful snow-white hair, and stooped when she walked, and that she always sat and knitted a stocking. And I even remember that when she had finished a story, she used to lay her hand on my head and say: All this is as true, as true as that I see you and you see me. I also remember that she could sing songs, but this she did not do every day. One of the songs was about a knight and a sea-troll, and had this refrain: It blows cold, cold weather at sea. Then I remember a little prayer she taught me, and a verse of a hymn. Of all the stories she told me, I have but a dim and imperfect recollection. Only one of them do I remember so well that I should be able to repeat it. It is a little story about Jesus birth. Well, this is nearly all that I can recall about my grandmother, except the thing which I remember best; and that is, the great loneliness when she was gone. I remember the morning when the corner sofa stood empty and when it was impossible to understand how the days would ever come to an end. That I remember. That I shall never forget! And I recollect that we children were brought forward to kiss the hand of the dead and that we were afraid to do it. But then some one said to us that it would be the last time we could thank grandmother for all the pleasure she had given us. And I remember how the stories and songs were driven from the homestead, shut up in a long black casket, and how they never came back again. I remember that something was gone from our lives. It seemed as if the door to a whole beautiful, enchanted world—where before we had been free to go in and out—had been closed. And now there was no one who knew how to open that door. And I remember that, little by little, we children learned to play with dolls and toys, and to live like other children. And then it seemed as though we no longer missed our grandmother, or remembered her. But even to-day—after forty years—as I sit here and gather together the legends about Christ, which I heard out there in the Orient, there awakes within me the little legend of Jesus birth that my grandmother used to tell, and I feel impelled to tell it once again, and to let it also be included in my collection. It was a Christmas Day and all the folks had driven to church except grandmother and I. I believe we were all alone in the house. We had not been permitted to go along, because one of us was too old and the other was too young. And we were sad, both of us, because we had not been taken to early mass to hear the singing and to see the Christmas candles. But as we sat there in our loneliness, grandmother began to tell a story. There was a man who went out in the dark night to borrow live coals to kindle a fire. He went from hut to hut and knocked. Dear friends, help me! said he. My wife has just given birth to a child, and I must make a fire to warm her and the little one.But it was way in the night, and all the people were asleep. No one replied.The man walked and walked. At last, he saw the gleam of a fire a long way off. Then he went in that direction and saw that the fire was burning in the open. A lot of sheep were sleeping around the fire, and an old shepherd sat and watched over the flock.When the man who wanted to borrow fire came up to the sheep, he saw that three big dogs lay asleep at the shepherds feet. All three awoke when the man approached and opened their great jaws, as though they wanted to bark; but not a sound was heard. The man noticed that the hair on their backs stood up and that their sharp, white teeth glistened in the firelight. They dashed toward him.He felt that one of them bit a t his leg and one at this hand and that one clung to this throat. But their jaws and teeth wouldnt obey them, and the man didnt suffer the least harm.Now the man wished to go farther, to get what he needed. But the sheep lay back to back and so close to one another that he couldnt pass them. Then the man stepped upon their backs and walked over them and up to the fire. And not one of the animals awoke or moved.When the man had almost reached the fire, the shepherd looked up. He was a surly old man, who was unfriendly and harsh toward human beings. And when he saw the strange man coming, he seized the long, spiked staff, which he always held in his hand when he tended his flock, and threw it at him. The staff came right toward the man, but, before it reached him, it turned off to one side and whizzed past him, far out in the meadow.Now the man came up to the shepherd and said to him: Good man, help me, and lend me a little fire! My wife has just given birth to a child, and I must mak e a fire to warm her and the little one.The shepherd would rather have said no, but when he pondered that the dogs couldnt hurt the man, and the sheep had not run from him and that the staff had not wished to strike him, he was a little afraid, and dared not deny the man that which he asked. Take as much as you need! he said to the man. But then the fire was nearly burnt out. There were no logs or branches left, only a big heap of live coals, and the stranger had neither spade nor shovel wherein he could carry the red-hot coals.When the shepherd saw this, he said again: Take as much as you need! And he was glad that the man wouldnt be able to take away any coals.But the man stopped and picked coals from the ashes with his bare hands, and laid them in his mantle. And he didnt burn his hands when he touched them, nor did the coals scorch his mantle; but he carried them away as if they had been nuts or apples.And when the shepherd, who was such a cruel and hardhearted man, saw all this, he began to wonder to himself. What kind of a night is this, when the dogs do not bite, the sheep are not scared, the staff does not kill, or the fire scorch? He called the stranger back and said to him: What kind of a night is this? And how does it happen that all things show you compassion?Then said the man: I cannot tell you if you y ourself do not see it. And he wished to go his way, that he might soon make a fire and warm his wife and child.br/>But the shepherd did not wish to lose sight of the man before he had found out what all this might portend. He got up and followed the man till they came to the place where he lived.Then the shepherd saw the man didnt have so much as a hut to dwell in, but that his wife and babe were lying in a mountain grotto, where there was nothing except the cold and naked stone walls.But the shepherd thought that perhaps the poor innocent child might freeze to death there in the grotto; and, although he was a hard man, he was touched, and thought he would like to help it. And he loosened the knapsack from his shoulder, took from it a soft white sheepskin, gave it to the strange man, and said that he should let the child sleep on it.But just as soon as he showed that he, too, could be merciful, his eyes were opened, and he saw what he had not been able to see before, and heard what he could not have heard before.He saw that all around him stood a ring of little silver-winged angels, and each held a stringed instrument, and all sang in loud tones that tonight the Saviour was born who should redeem the world from its sins.br/>Then he understood how all things were so happy this night that they didnt want to do anything wrong.And it was not only around the shepherd that there were angels, but he saw them everywhere. They sat inside the grotto, they sat outside on the mountain, and they flew under the heavens. They came marching in great companies, and, as they passed, they paused and cast a glance at the child.There was such jubilation and such gladness and songs and play! And all this he saw in the dark night whereas before he could not have made out anything. He was so happy because his eyes had been opened that he fell upon his knees and thanked God.What that shepherd saw, we might also see, for the angels fly down from heaven every Christmas Eve, if we could only see them.You must remember this, for it is as true, as true as that I see you and you see me. It is not revealed by the light of lamps or candles, and it does not depend upon sun and moon, but that which is needful is that we have such eyes as can see Gods glory.

The Political Economy Of Gender - 933 Words

Over the past century, women in various, and in many cases extremely different cultures have become increasingly agitated at the value placed by the government in promoting traditional patriarchal lifestyles. This focus on men being the breadwinners of their family so that it becomes difficult for women to succeed outside domestic work, is a spark of controversy that has led to an intense examination on policy changes, or lack thereof, by governments in response to a collective women’s’ voice within their respective countries, in their quest for equality in the home and workplace. Responses to gender gap problems don’t have the same solutions around the world however. Through the â€Å"The Political Economy of Gender† by Iversen and Rosenbluth the effect modern movements have on women’s beliefs can be examined through Albert Hirschman’s ideas of â€Å"voice and exit† and further applied to situations such as those examined in â€Å"Ex it, voice, and family policy in Japan† by Leonard Schoppa. In â€Å"The Political Economy of Gender† background is provided on the economic outlook of what the gender gap means both economically and socially. What is fascinating is the evolution of economic models in dealing with the division of labor. Initial models on the topic such as Becker’s focused on the â€Å"male-dominated family of the 1950s.† While this seems archaic in its roots, it can be argued that this first examination provides a backdrop for the decades of extreme change that began to occur justShow MoreRelatedThe Political Economy Of Gender1211 Words   |  5 Pagesthe home and workplace. 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Facing domestic violence and gender-based violence, there are only a few things that the government â€Å"approves† Chilean women doing. Chileans have experienced a leftist government of Salvador Allende to a military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet also known as General Pinochet. WithRead MoreSummary Of The Desert With Your Tribe 908 Words   |  4 Pagesyour kin have done trade for good and supplies before, the neighboring tribe greets you with arms wide open, quenching your dry throats with fresh stream water. Throughout history, political structures, along with trade, have been a very influential part of life. From foraging societies to modern day society, political structures have always impacted our way of living. Often times, throughout history, women are over looked. 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Usmc Tattoo Policy Essays - 719 Words

For generations, Marines have proudly served in every region of the World. We have always been recognized for our high standards of military bearing and appearance. Tattoo excessiveness has become a growing trend world-wide and has lessened Marines from our well-known appearance. Due to this arising problem over the past few years, tattoo policies have been written and revised time and time again. In accordance to MARADMIN 029/10, the policy’s overall intent is to ensure Marines can be assigned to their duties and maintain professional appearance and the high standards expected of Marines. * TATTOOS/BRANDS THAT DEPICT VULGAR OR ANTI-AMERICAN CONTENT, BRING POSSIBLE DISCREDIT TO THE MARINE CORPS, OR ASSOCIATE THE APPLICANT/MARINE†¦show more content†¦* PRIOR TO COMMISSIONING/WARRANT OFFICER APPOINTMENT, OFFICER CANDIDATES WILL BE RESCREENED FOR TATTOOS WHICH ARE NOT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THIS POLICY. * SLEEVE TATTOOS: A TATTOO(S) THAT IS VERY LARGE OR A COLLECTION OF S MALLER TATTOOS THAT COVERS, OR ALMOST COVERS, A PERSONS ENTIRE ARM OR LEG. A HALF/QUARTER SLEEVE TATTOO IS DEFINED AS A VERY LARGE TATTOO OR A COLLECTION OF SMALLER TATTOOS THAT COVERS, OR ALMOST COVERS, THE ENTIRE PORTION OF AN ARM OR LEG ABOVE OR BELOW THE ELBOW OR KNEE. * BAND TATTOOS: A TATTOO WHICH PARTIALLY OR FULLY ENCIRCLES THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE BODY PART. OFFICERS ARE ALLOWED BAND TATTOO(S) WITH A MAXIMUM WIDTH OF TWO (2) INCHES. ENLISTED MARINES ARE ALLOWED BAND TATTOO(S) WITH A MAXIMUM WIDTH LESS THAN ONE-QUARTER OF THE RESPECTIVE BODY PART(S) (I.E., LEG OR ARM) EXPOSED SURFACE WHILE WEARING THE STANDARD PT UNIFORM. * ONE TATTOO: A SINGLE TATTOO IS DEFINED AS ONE (1) OR MULTIPLE TATTOOS SPACED APART THAT CAN STILL BE COVERED BY A CIRCLE WITH A DIAMETER OF FIVE (5) INCHES. TATTOOS SPACED APART THAT CANNOT BE COVERED BY A CIRCLE WITH A DIAMETER OF FIVE (5) INCHES ARE CONSIDERED SEPARATE TATTOOS. * THE NECK: ANY PORTION ABOVE THE COLLARBONE IN THE FRONT AREA, ABOVE THE FIRST CERVICAL VERTEBRAE IN THE BACK AREA, OR OTHERWISE VISIBLE DUE TO THE OPEN COLLAR OF THE SHORT SLEEVE KHAKI SHIRT, WITHOUT AN UNDERSHIRT. *Show MoreRelatedAr 670-1117328 Words   |  470 PagesFebruary 2005-o Updates figures throughout the regulation (throughout). o Clarifies the definition of unauthorized tattoos while wearing the class A uniform (chap 1). Identifies officials responsible for making initial entry determinations on tattoos and brands (chap 1). Delegates the authority to MACOM commanders to grant exceptions to policy or discharges on initial entry soldiers with tattoos (chap 1). Clarifies the definition of a privately owned vehicle for the purpose of wearing the headgear (chap

International Standard on Auditing

Question: Discuss about the International Standard on Auditing. Answer: Introduction: In recent years the auditing profession has been encountering many criticism and difficulties, due to corporate failures or collapses which are being linked with allegations of professional negligence and breach of their statutory duties. The auditor is said to be the watchdog of financials and thus it is the duty of an auditor to exercise reasonable skills and apply professional skepticism while auditing companys financial statements, and owe a duty of care to the interested users of financials and thus can be possibly held liable to them when they have acted carelessly or negligently. International standard on auditing (ISA) 700 provides the standards on auditors opinion and reporting and requires that the auditor should evaluate the financials and express his opinion on them stating whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the requirements of applicable financial reporting. The standard also requires that while framing his opinion on the financial statements, the auditor should also be reasonably assured that the financials are free from material misstatements and should draw his conclusion based on the audit evidences obtained in accordance with ISA 330 and in accordance with ISA 450 i.e. in respect of uncorrected misstatements which may be material, individually or aggregate. But ISA 200 also protects the auditor stating that the audit of financials and other related documents does not relieve or escape or absolve the liability of the management or those who are charged with governance of their own liabilities or responsibilities. Having discussed that, in the above case it is given that the auditor has issued an unqualified report for the year ended 30th June 2012 wherein the Company Impulse was suffering liquidity problems with a drop in their debtors turnover and inventory turnover. The auditors did not put any extra efforts in regard to valuation of assets nor was an adequate provision was made in the books so as to show a correct and true position of financials. This has caused an overvaluation of assets and thus the profits have been overestimated by such amount where the company was having liquidity crisis. This scenario calls for reasonable care and vigilance on part of the auditor as the management is always in a unique position to perpetrate fraud and thus manipulate entitys profitability or project ability and since accounting provisions and estimates involve high level of judgment they are an important subjective area of fraud or misstatement. In this case the auditor should have reviewed the accou nting estimates and provisions made by the management and even if they seem to be reasonable individually, the auditor shall evaluate the same as a whole to ensure that they are provided reasonably. Having done that i.e. if the auditor proves that they have acted in good faith and with due diligence and they have sufficient evidences so as to regards to valuation of such assets or estimates made by company they cannot be held liable for further misstatements as the audit have always the audit risk involved in it calling inherent risk and auditor cannot guarantee the cent percent full proof truthiness of financials. However if otherwise is proved that the auditor were negligent towards provision calculation they can be held responsible. Secondly the Company has obtained a large loan from a finance company Easy Finance Limited (EFL) in August 2012 to provide additional working capital and the Finance Company has relied upon the audited financial report without performing an independent appraisal or credit worthiness of the Company. Consequently the company was placed in liquidation in December 2012 and EFL have been alleging that the auditor they have not dealt adequately with the financials and the EFL have not given the loan if the auditor report was qualified. The auditor owes specific responsibility to the management through the engagement letter where he shall be responsible for material misstatements and professional negligence or carelessness when he has not performed his duties with adequate reasonability, objectivity and integrity. The audited financials are used by various stakeholders and as such auditor indirectly owes responsibility towards them too as the users can place reliance upon the audited financials for their intended purposes. In case the auditor is able to reasonably prove the basis of his conclusion as mentioned in the audit report and shows sufficiently that he has conducted audit in accordance with the required accounting and audit framework, his work cannot be challenged either by the management or the third party. In addition, nowadays it is common practice to include a standard disclaimer of liability to third parties in the auditor report which is quite effective as it prevents the auditor from the tortuous unli mited liability or unlimited exposure to third parties, and thus reduces their answerability to third parties as the auditor report is prepared for a limited and a specific purpose and the finance company cannot use it as the sole basis for financing the Company. However in the given case, the question is silent whether the auditor has provided the same in his report but the same may be assumed in the question for better interest of auditor. In nutshell the Finance company cannot straightforward blame the auditor King Queen and solicit them as it is a general misconception that auditors are responsible for the financials because in actual they are prepared and adopted by the management and at the yearend statutory auditor conducts his audit on the basis of materiality and frames his opinion on them for a definite purpose in accordance with the audit objective and client requirement while the users can use financials for multiple purposes and thus cannot strictly place reliance on the report for the purpose other than the specific purpose for which it is made. Having regards to this, the judgment in the case law Barclays Bank PLC v Grant Thornton UK LLP[2015] EWHC 320 (Comm), 18 February 2015 has laid emphasis on the fact that when the auditor has given the disclaimer in his report, it would not be just or fair to impose the duty on auditors as the same is reasonable. Similarly In Canada,Hercules Managements Ltd. v. Ernst Young, [1997] 2 S.C.R. 165 (Hercules Managements) the concerns about the auditors indeterminate liability was addressed, and it was held that the auditors were not liable to plaintiff as the plaintiff used the statements for their own personal investment decisions and not for the precise purpose for which the report was prepared and neither the auditor has knowledge about the same. Similarly there are number of landmark cases which have given a shape to the way in which auditors can reduce their exposure to the unlimited liabilities and seek a valid shelter and deal with the law of tort in the auditing profession. Some of the most notable case includes Caparo Industries Plc (Caparo) v Dickman (1990) and Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) vs. Bannerman Johnstone MacLay (Bannerman) (2002). In the former case the auditor was unaware of the purpose for which the plaintiff is using the audited statements and thus claim made by plaintiff was unsuccessful. However in second case the auditor were aware about the plaintiffs intention to use the audited accounts as a basis for lending decision and thus were held liable as now they owe duty of care to them. As discussed above, it is well mentioned that the auditors owe a liability or responsibility of care to third party where a) the latter is either known to the auditor, or is a party to engagement letter or is a member of limited class of parties and b) the third party is using the auditors report for the specific or precise purpose for which the auditor has prepared the report. In the second case, if the auditor King Queen have been informed of the fact that the EFL is intending to finance the Company Impulse and they were relying on 2012 audited financials, in that case the purpose of the report would have assumed a different shape and the auditor might have done further financial diligence or have undertaken additional activity so as to assess the liquidity position of the company and have issued its opinion accordingly. Or otherwise have asked the EFL to have an independent appraisal too and a disclaimer that they should not strictly rely on their report. In this case where they are advising the EFL for the credit worthiness of the Company on basis of which the EFL gives loan, in that case the EFL can held the auditor liable for their professional negligence or carelessness and can sue them accordingly because the purpose for which the audit report is being used has changed and auditor is aware that the same is going to be used for loan giving purpose. Auditor independence is a critical or sensitive issue for the profession of auditing as it has a direct impact on the quality of audit. The independent auditor assumes the responsibility to public and thus owes ultimate fidelity to the shareholders of the company and other stakeholders because they are said to be the watchdog of the companys financial and other matters. If the auditors do not remain independent, it impairs the quality of audit and thus they may not or less likely to report misstatements or errors or frauds in the financials. As a result of which it reduces the reliance placed by interested users on such audited statements. Independence describes the relation between auditor and his client and the mindset or approaches which the auditor should follow to perform his audit work. The International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 200 provides that the auditor is required to follow the relevant ethical requirements, which include those pertaining to independence. Part A and Part B of the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA Code) describes independence as comprising of two important aspects i.e. the real or actual independence (independence of Mind) and perceived independence ( independence in appearance ) which are different from each other. Independence of Mind or the real/actual independence explains the state of the mind of the auditor which allows him to express his opinion independently ie without being influenced by any external factors. This enables him to exercise his professional judgment and thus allowing the auditor to act with integrity and conduct the audit work with professional skepticism and objectivity. This type of real or actual independence helps the auditor to deal with a specific situation without compromising with his quality and maintain the required level of independence. Independence in appearance or perceive independence describes the situation about what the third parties perceive as being independent. It means that how a reasonable and well informed third party can conclude about the independence of the audit firms or its member and by virtue of this, is assured about his/her integrity, professional vigilance and objectivity and ensures that the same has not been compromised. Both these forms together are important to achieve the goals of independence as they enable the auditor to form an audit opinion without compromising the audit quality. The actual and perceived independence are essential because sometimes it is difficult to assess the mindset of auditor and thus questions can be raised on his integrity; while simultaneously it is important to note that the auditors objectivity must be beyond the question. When two forms combine together where on one hand auditor adheres to ethical codes and on other hand people also perceive auditors independence, this reduces the overall risk of auditor to act otherwise than independently and thus adding more credibility and reliability to auditors report. For each of the above independent situations list any professional standards and regulatory requirements breached and discuss possible alternative courses of action the auditor should have taken in order to properly discharge their professional responsibilities. Section 140 of International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA Code) provides the principle of confidentiality which imposes limitation or obligation on the auditor to keep his clients information in secrecy and not to disclose the same unless required under the law or under some authority and the same should not be used for their personal advantage or advantage of third parties. In the given case the audit assistant Bob has used the clients financials for his assignment which prime facie is not misuse of clients information , however he is using the data without the companys permission for his personal interest and thus breaching principle of confidentiality. The better course of action for Bob is to take a written permission from the client that he intends to use the financial figures of company for his academic purpose and that the management has no issues with the same. Section 220 of ISEBA Code deals with the principle of conflict of interest where the auditor should be vigilant to ensure that there should not be any circumstances or events which poses threat or causes conflict of interest and thus may give rise to risks regarding the non-compliance of fundamental principles. This threat to objectivity or independence or confidentiality may arise when the auditor performs certain services for his client whose interests are conflicting or may cause overlapping of work or are related to each other. In the given case Wendy who is engagement partner on Ace Limited audit has performed the secretarial duties for the same company which is a conflict of interest as an auditor is an independent party in all respects and thus should not be associated with the company. Therefore Wendy should immediately resign from such secretarial post and ask the company to make some other arrangements as this is a breach of independence. The above case should be seen within the spectrum of Section 240 (Fees and Other type of remuneration), 260 (Gift and Hospitality) and Section 350 (Inducements) of ISEBA Code. In the given case the auditor Chan Associates have accepted the office furniture in full consideration of their outstanding fees, although the furniture is worth 50% of the balance as the client is experiencing financial difficulties. The acceptance of such kind of consideration in kind is nothing but the fees for the professional services and since the company is under financial difficulties, accepting such lower fee cannot be called unethical as the auditor has waived off the fees considering the financial situation of the company which can be regarded as general prudent business decision. However Classic Reproductions has also offered 25% shareholding in an unrelated listed company as a thank you present which seems to be a sort of gift or inducement. Such an offer in general gives rise to threat to complia nce with the fundamental principles or may question the objectivity. If such gift seems to be reasonable and the auditor is reasonably ensured that management is not doing an attempt to influence their actions or decisions through such inducement or offer, or such kind of thank you gifts will not encourage any illegal behavior or it is not an attempt on management part to put the auditor in same influential position, then in such cases the auditor may conclude that there is no significant threat to audit quality and thus can be accepted in normal course of business. Since in above case at present the Chan Associates is not the auditor of the company, it may be assumed that the shares which were offered were given in ordinary course of business and not for manipulating the auditor, the same seems to be acceptable and thus neither the client nor the company is wrong in their positions. References: ACCA, Professional liability of accountants and auditors, viewed on Nov 25th 2016, https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-members/2012/2012p/Prof_liability.pdf ACCA Global, AUDITOR LIABILITY, viewed on Nov 27th 2016, https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/professional-exams-study-resources/p7/technical-articles/auditor-liability.html ICAEW, The audit report and Auditor duty to take care of the third party, viewed on Nov 27th 2016, https://www.icaew.com/-/media/corporate/files/technical/technical-releases/audit/aaf-0103.ashx?la=en Tomasic R, Auditors and reporting of illegality and financially fraud, viewed on Nov 23, 2016_https://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/proceedings/10/tomasic.pdf Financial Times, Definition of Auditors independence, viewed on Nov 23, 2016_https://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=auditor-independence Almer E Olazabal A, 2001 Independence and public perception: why we need to care, viewed on Nov 23, 2016_https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/issues/2001/apr/independenceandpublicperceptionwhyweneedtocare.html Elvy H, The importance of independence, viewed on Nov 23, 2016_https://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/secure/myCommunity/blogs/helvy/financial-planning-blogs/208/the-importance-of-independence Nguyen V, An analysis of the Auditors liability to third parties in Australia, viewed on Nov 23, 2016, https://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/23782/51198_1.pdf;jsessionid=5CC24E8081317C5FC784EFD9757185EF?sequence=1